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Welcome to the spoken tutorial on Strings in Java.

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In this tutorial, you will learn how to:

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create strings, add strings and perform basic string operations like converting to lower case and upper case.

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For this tutorial, we are using
Ubuntu 11.10, JDK 1.6 and 
Eclipse 3.7

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To follow this tutorial, you  must have the knowledge of data types in Java.

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If not, for relevant tutorials, please visit our website as shown.

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String in Java is a sequence of characters.

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Before starting with Strings, we will first see the character data type.

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Let us now switch to eclipse.

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We have the 'Eclipse IDE' and the skeleton required for the rest of the code.

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We have created a class StringDemo and added the main method.

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Inside the main method, type: char star  equal to in single quotes  asterisk.

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This statement creates a variable with the name star and of the type char.

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It can store exactly one character.

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Let us print the word using a few characters.

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Remove the char line and type:

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char c1 equal to in single quotes 'c';

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char c2 equal to  in single quotes 'a';

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char c3 equal to  in single quotes 'r';

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We have created three characters to make the word car.

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Let us use them to print the word.

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Type:

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System.out.print(c1);

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System.out.print(c2);

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System.out.print(c3);

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Please note that I’m using print instead of println so that all the characters are printed on the same line.

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Save the file and run it.

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As we can see, the output is as expected.

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But this method only prints the word but does not create one.

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To create a word, we use the String data type.

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Let us try it out.

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Remove everything inside the main method and type:

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String greet equal to "Hello Learner";

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Note that 'S' in the word  String is in uppercase.

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And we are using double quotes instead of single quotes as delimiters.

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This statement creates a variable greet that is of the type String.

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Now Let us print the message.

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System.out.println(greet);

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Save the file and run it.

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As we can see, the message has been stored in the variable and it has been printed.

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Strings can also be added in Java.

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Let us see how to do so.

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I'm removing the Learner from the message.

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We'll store the name in a different variable.

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String name equal to “Java”;

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Now, we’ll add the strings to make a message.

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String msg equal to greet plus name;

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change  the 'greet' in the print statement (println(greet)) to 'message'  (println(msg)) save the file and run it.

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We can see that the output shows the greeting and the name.

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But there is no 'space' separating them.

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So, let us create a space character.

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char SPACE equal to in single quotes ' '(space);

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Note that I have used all uppercase letters in the variable name so that it is clear.

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You can change it as you want.

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Now, let us add the SPACE to the message.

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greet plus SPACE plus name;

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save the file and run it.

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Now  we can see  the output is clear and as expected.

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Let us look at a few string operations.

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I’m changing a few characters of the word “Hello” to upper case  and of the word “java” to uppercase.

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Often, when users give input, we have values like this, in mixed case.

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So, Let us run the file and see the output.

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As we can see, the output is not clean.

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So let us use the String methods to clean the output.

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Type: greet equal to greet.toLowerCase();

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This statement converts each character of the string greet to lowercase.

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name equal to name.toUpperCase();

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This statement converts each character of the string name to uppercase.

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Save the file and Run it.

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As we can see, the output is now clean after we have used the String methods.

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This is how we create strings and perform string operations.

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There are  more String methods and

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we'll discuss them as we move on to complex topics.

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This brings us to the  end of this tutorial.

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In this tutorial, we have learnt:

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how to create strings, add strings

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and perform  string operations like converting to lower case and upper case.

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As an assignment for this tutorial:

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Read about the concat method of Strings in Java.  Find out how is it different from adding strings.

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To know more about the Spoken Tutorial project, watch the video available at the following link.

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It summarizes the Spoken Tutorial project.

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If you do not have good bandwidth, you can download and watch it.

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The Spoken Tutorial Project Team:

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Conducts workshops using Spoken Tutorials.

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Spoken Tutorial Project is a part of the 'Talk to a Teacher' project.

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It is supported by the National Mission on Education through ICT, MHRD, Government of India.

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More information on this mission is available at  the  following link: spoken HYPHEN tutorial DOT org SLASH NMEICT HYPHEN Intro.

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This tutorial has been contributed by TalentSprint. Thanks for joining.